Game Theory in Life

Game Theory in Life Game theory is a proposition used for strategic decisions. Mathematical models are used to examine the interaction between the decision makers, the issue at hand, and the cooperation between the decision makers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Game Theory in Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Case Study The conflict issue is about Iran and Israel. A rivalry for influence and power is emerging between the two nations. Iran is becoming uncomfortable with the regional competition posed by Israel. Iran views such competitionas an intention to undermine her revolutionary system. Israel, on the other hand, is disturbed by Iran’s anti-Jewish ideologies together with her increasing military potential, particularly her nuclear energy programs (United Institute of Peace 1). Israel believes that Iran’s nuclear program will be used to create nuclear weapons, which Iran might use to wipe Israel from the world map . Israel already has nuclear energy programs in place. She is worried about Iran’s intentions and is not interested much in offending Iran unless she believes that Iran has crossed the red line, meaning that she is ready to engage in a nuclear war. Iran is also focused on avoiding to show early offence to Israel since she might be resented by a large section of the international community, or even face combined strikes from the UN and Israel allies. It has demonstrated this by holding talks with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) about inquiries into her atomic bomb research (Thomson Reuters 2). Israel, however, is still convinced that Iran is being cleverly deceptive, and therefore wants to engage her directly. The two countries have to respond to the tension that has built between them, and the results of their response might be beneficial or fatal to both or one of them. Summary of the game Issue: Does either of the countries need to boost her military capabilit y in anticipation of war, or embrace more peaceful strategies in order to facilitate arbitration? The players are Israel and Iran. The actions are boosting military capacity to attack the rival, and receding from war preparations in order to maintain peace. The payoffs for the game include:Advertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A nation loses resources by fighting an unprepared rival and gets a payoff of (-1). Remember that winning the war does not solve the conflict. The unprepared nation falls if attacked by a well-prepared rival. The defeated nation gets a payoff of (-3). A well-prepared nation fights another well-prepared nation, and the battle ends in a draw, and apayoff of 2is gained by each nation. In this case, both nations defend their resources against the rival’s strategies, say each nation fails to strike well because the other one has ensured perfect se lfprotection against attack. Both nations enjoy peace when Iran makes no weapons and Israel trusts her (each of the nations get a payoff of 3). Embracing peace can work for the benefit of both nations if Iran acts in the interest of peace by not manufacturing nuclear weapons, and Israel trusts Iran. Iran can do this by subduing her nuclear capacities and only arming her military to a level that is normal (for defensive purposes only). Israel, on the other hand, will have to respond optimistically by maintaining peace. Sets of strategies IRAN KEEPS PEACE Signs a peace deal with Israel and respects the deal. IRAN OFFENDS Engages in amassing weapons of mass destruction regardless of what Israel does. Israel agrees to maintain peace and trusts Iran’s promises. Iran subdues her military capacity to defensive level. Israel responds by keeping peace. Iran secretly boosts her military capacity to offensive level. Israel keeps peace assuming that Iran is subduing her mili tary capacity to defensive level. Israel prepares for the big warand eventually attacks regardless of what Iran does Iran subdues her military capacity to defensive but Israel still prepares for the big war. Israel does not trust Iran and still strikes. War results before Iran attains nuclear weapon capacity i.e.; Iran escalates conflict to war and fights to offend. Israel is equally prepared and responds by fighting to offend. War ends in a draw. This equilibrium is inherently stable, i.e. what Israel is doing is optimal given what Iran is doing and vice versa and thus none of them would regret her move. 3, 3 Both agree to maintain peace and subdue their military capacities to a normal/defensive level. (Nashequilibrium) -1, -3 One of the nation fights. -3, -1 One of the nation fights. 2, 2 Both fight and battle ends in a draw (none wins) (Nash Equilibrium) 3, 3 is the oneset of stable strategies, and is the first Nash equilibrium. In this set, if both countries keep peace and limit their military capacities to just normal (for defensive purpose only), then neither of them would wish to strike because such a move is unprofitable because it gives a payoff of (-1). 2, 2 is also a stable set and is the second Nash equilibrium.If both nations beef up their military capacities to levels that escalate conflict and result in war, then none of them would wish to recede. Receding gives a payoff of (-3), which is the worst payoff in the game. Neither of the nations would want to fall whether in the presence or absence of war. In a Nash equilibrium, all players follow some rule or natural law, in this case, the law is to survive whether in presence or absence of war, without focusing on any incentive (Boleslavsky, â€Å"Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium† 6). A best responseis a strategy a where player cannot gain more utility by switching to another strategy.Best responses for Israel are:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Game Theory in Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More to keep peace if Iran keeps peace, and gain a payoff of 3 instead of fightingher for a payoff of (-1). to fight back if Iran escalates the conflict to a war,and get a payoff of (2), instead of (-3) obtained from receding. Israel’s best responses are marked by asterisks in the table below: 3*, 3 None fights the other (Nash equilibrium) -1, -3 Iran fights but Israel recedes -3, -1 Iran keeps peace and Israel fights 2*, 2 Both fight (Nash equilibrium) Best responses for Iran areto keep peace and get a 3 if Israel keeps peace, instead of getting (-1) by fighting, and to fight back and get a 2 if Israel escalates conflict into a war, and avoid a payoff of (-3) that would be gained from keeping peace. Iran’s best responses are marked by asterisks in the table below: 3, 3* Agree to subdue military capacity to just normal/defensive -1, -3 One fights -3, -1 One fights 2, 2* Both fight and draw (equally prepared for war) In the two sets of equilibrium, no player has an incentive to change her strategy, each has to respond to the other’s actions in a manner that would optimize her utility and therefore: Only individual deviations are useful. There are no useful group deviations. Due to the different weights placed on various strategies, an algorithm for a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium has to be developed. It will allow us to find the mixed strategies available to each of players, which are meant to make their rival indifferent in her choices (Boleslavsky, â€Å"Dynamic Games† 5). Mixed strategies in this case are strategies that: Israel can use to make Iran indifferent on whether to embrace peace or fuel the conflict. Iran can use to make Israel indifferent on whether to embrace peace or fuel the conflict. To come up with this algorithm: Let P1 stand for move towards embracing peace by Iran, and P2 stand for move towards emb racing peace by Israel. Let W1 stand for move towards escalating conflict by Iran,and W2 stand for move towards escalating conflict by Israel. Whenever Israel choses to embrace peace, i.e. avoid anticipating for war by trustingIran, and avoid launching attacks, Iran can chose a randomization strategy to either amass weapons secretly or embrace peace by keeping her military capacity at defensive level only.Advertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If Iran choses to embrace peace, i.e. tame her behavior in nuclear program, and keep her military capacity at defensive level, Israel may randomize her choices between trusting Iran so as to embrace peace, and launching war regardless of Iran’s promises to tame herbehavior in the nuclear program. Each country’s mixed strategy is aimed at making the other one’s payoffs (expected utilities) averagely the same, whether they chose to escalate the conflict or embrace peace. Israel’s Mixed Strategy Israel’s mixed strategy is one that makes Iran’s Expected Utility (EU)for choosing to escalate conflict as a pure strategy, equal to that gained from embracing peace as a pure strategy. This can be represented as: EUP1 = EUR1 Iran’s expected utility for choosing peace is a function of a mixed strategy where Israel choses peace as shown below: EUP1 = f (ÏÆ'U) The same applies if Iran choses to escalate the conflict as shown: EUw1 = f (ÏÆ'U) Isra el’s mixed strategy can be solved by examiningthe expected utility for Iran’s move to limit military capacity and be honest, as a function of mixed strategy for Israel’smove to trust Iran, and embrace peace. 3, 3* -1, -3 -3, -1 2, 2* For Israel’s mixed strategy Some percentage of the time, Iran is getting a 3 when Israel moves towards peace, and a (-1) the rest of the time when Israel plays towards causing war. Iran’s expected utility for playing towards peace is: EUP1 = ÏÆ'U(3) + (1 ÏÆ'U)(-1), whereby (1 ÏÆ'U) is the percentage of this time when Israel moves towards war. Similarly, Iran’s expected utility for choosing conflict is EUW1 = ÏÆ'U(-3) + (1 ÏÆ'U) (2) Since EUP1 = EUw1,yet we haveEUP1 = ÏÆ'U (3) + (1 ÏÆ'U) (-1), and EUW1 = ÏÆ'U (-3) + (1 ÏÆ'U) (2): ÏÆ'U (3) + (1 ÏÆ'U) (-1) = ÏÆ'U (-3) + (1 ÏÆ'U) (2) By simplifying this, 3ÏÆ'U – 1 + ÏÆ'U = -3ÏÆ'U + 2 2ÏÆ'U 3ÏÆ'U + ÏÆ'U + 3ÏÆ'U + 2ÏÆ'U =2 + 1, therefore 9ÏÆ'U =3 ÏÆ'U =1/3 meaning that if Israel plays towards peace 1/3rd of the time, and towards causing war 2/3rd of the time, then Iran is indifferent on whether to escalate the conflict or tame her nuclear activities and avoid war. Iran’s Mixed Strategy When the same method is applied for Iran’s mixed strategies; EUP2 = EUW2 EUP2 = f (ÏÆ'W1) The same applies if Iran choses to escalate the conflict as shown: EUW2 = f (ÏÆ'W1) EUP2 = EUW2yet we haveEUP2 = ÏÆ'W1 (3) + (1 – ÏÆ'W1) (-1), and EUW2 = ÏÆ'W1 (-3) + (1 – ÏÆ'1) (2): ÏÆ'W1 (3) + (1 – ÏÆ'W1) (-1) = ÏÆ'W1 (-3) + (1 – ÏÆ'W1) (2) By simplifying this, 3ÏÆ'W1– 1 + ÏÆ'W1= -3ÏÆ'W1+ 2 + 2ÏÆ'W1 3ÏÆ'W1 + ÏÆ'W1+ 3ÏÆ'W1+ 2ÏÆ'W1=2 + 1 ÏÆ'W1=1/3 This result means that if Iran plays towards peace 1/3rd of the time and towards war 2/3rdof the time, then Israel is indifferent on whether to escalate the conflict or attack her, and cause war. As a result of this outc ome, the optimal strategy for the nationsis for both Israel and Iran to play towards peace with probability 1/3, and away from it with probability 2/3, so that none of them can change her strategy in a way that can give her competitive advantage over her rival. Boleslavsky, Raphael. Dynamic Games 1 (2011): 5. Boleslavsky, Raphael. Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium. 1 (2011): 6. Thomson Reuters. â€Å"U.N. Nuclear Agency in Talks about Talks with Iran.†The Reuters. Mon Apr 22, 2013: 1-3. Print. United Institute of Peace. â€Å"Israel and Iran: A Dangerous Rivalry from Iran Primer.†The Iran Primer.January 10 (2012):1. Print.

Affirmative action at the work place Essay Example for Free

Affirmative action at the work place Essay ? Affirmative action is a concept used as a justice seeking tool comprising of policies to address intimidating aspects of a non dominant or minor group. Such groups include women, minority men and physically disabled people. Affirmative action increases these groups access to facilities such as employment and education. The motivation for affirmative action comes in times when a perception or actual negative aspect towards a certain group is experienced, but illegal according to legislative bodies. It is also applied in learning and service delivery institutions such as police forces, hospitals or universities to motivate them to act more responsibly to the people they represent. According to Bulman (2006), affirmative action at the work place is a concept that should be applied in all departments. This is because many working places are characterized by cultural, social and political diversity (p.45). This is to say that people come from different communities, races, religions, political backgrounds, gender, national origins, and age, physical and mental health capabilities. This calls for affirmative action to fight for the weak mass within the working place, as these upgrades the workforce diversity. Racial and gender based discrimination in a working environment comes in the areas of granting jobs, in promotional programs and admission to institutions causing unfairness and inhumanity aspects in the working environment. Affirmative action in an employment environment illustrates both the prescriptive indicators and double edge quality in working together. Strong form of affirmative action should be the abolishment of race and sex consciousness in the times of hiring, promotion and in layoff preferences. Â  The need and essentiality of constructing integrated society in the workplace is to develop a forward looking and pragmatic staff. The diversity bestowed on company employees signifies diversity in its location and therefore employers need a law to govern them for maintenance of the diversity. The ideology of preferences among equally qualified applicants has a negative perception at this time when diversity is so widely acknowledged. The support extended to workplace diversity leaves open both questions of means and ends. Enhancement of affirmative action can literally be done through encouraging application from disadvantaged groups during recruitment programs. As a result, some preferences may be extended to the groups perceived to be underrepresented. Affirmative action should be mostly adopted by government organizations for they are highly affected by discrimination along ethnicity and gender lines (Loury, 2003, p.13). Adoption of this will make state parties to diminish or eliminate situations which help in perpetuating discrimination. For the government to assist implementation of this, each company should be given some legal minimum requirements to comply, in the area of representation by the disadvantaged groups in their various departments of work. The matters of concern that should be addressed are equity ownership, representation within management, employee level up to board of directors level, procurement of businesses and other several social investment programs. Affirmative action prevents discrimination in lines with hiring bias, promotion, job assignment, compensation, retaliation and all sorts of harassments. Work place is a unique and important site for development of corporative and social ties of different groups. It has of late become the centre for corporation, socialization, and solidarity, which emerge as primary features of human psychology. This has also been tightened by affirmative action move, which has promoted equity in opportunity and demographic heterogeneity and the imposition of rudimentary virtues of freedom of association and communication (Mellot, 2006, p.7). The conventionality in the diversity argument hardly spins the value of demographic based on heterogeneity and is mostly made to ensure work place integration. The process of affirmative action thus starts with pooling different people of different identities and backgrounds together. Different experiences and attitudes thought to correspond to demographic variations in the work place are eroded easily, thus emphasizing on common ground and connectedness across the difference lines. In places where many people live and work together elements like friction in decision making, turnover and dissatisfaction are eminent. The challenge is devising the ways and means to ameliorate the emerging tensions. In the employment context, workers should be protected equally and completely rule out employment abuses such as unequal treatment of treating employees, job applicants and former employees due to differences in a group membership. Employers have to take care of pregnant mothers or related medical conditions. It is against affirmative action move to discriminate workers in lines of discharging, hiring, compensating, terms provision, conditions and employment related privileges (Mellot, 2006, p. 9). From societal point of it, the employees form a part of society. They have to take that as their own community, live in it and a system of governance should exist within. Application of many cooperative interracial interactions in the workplace ensures the living together and governance. Because of the diversity brought in by the globalization process, interactions that lead to reasonable and controllable frictions should be allowed to pave way to brainstorming and creativity. From the societal calculus, the side of the employer is less considered. Affirmative action at the work place. (2018, Nov 09).

Case Analysis on Human Resource Management Essay - 1

Case Analysis on Human Resource Management - Essay Example Line ,managers are the people who engineer effective human resource management. These managers link people with different missions. Linking people together and the human capital will require trained human resource managers who will be resourceful in acting strategically on issues concerning human resources management. Human resource management should be addressed as the firm’s business issues. The human resources managers should put much emphasis on the effectiveness of the business, maximizing profits, and the overall business survival. The line managers are very instrumental in making sure that the human resource issues are well managed. Lucent Technologies have made greater achievements in the human management issues. Their employees (managerial and professional) are highly motivated people a thing that has greatly contributed in the success of the company. These have seen it being the leading company in the technological field. It has a good repute on issues relating to staff recruitment, promotion of its employees to different managerial ranks and the overall management issues that has led to the inclusion of women as their employees thus gender sensitive. However, Lucent Technology is facing management challenges and is not sure about the future of its employees who are of hourly basis, this is because its competitors who include Cisco systems concentrate on manufacturing to smaller firms a move that help reduce costs, similar impacts are made on Lucent. The company CEO Mr. Henry Schacht is determined in making considerable changes in the company by making it move from manufacturing oriented to technological oriented a thing that has contributed to the increased productivity. Its growth in the first four years has been very successful under the leadership of Henry Schacht . He has organized the firm into eleven business units as an expansion strategy. Lucent technologies have created

Environmental Law, Air Pollution Permits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Law, Air Pollution Permits - Essay Example Whenever a directive relating to emission principles or other requirements is adopted, it provides for the compliance with standards no later than the specified date (Theodore, 2008). Cap and trade is an ecological policy tool that delivers results with an obligatory cap on emissions while providing flexibility on how they comply. Successful cap and trade programs reward efficiency, innovation and environmental responsibility without infringing on economic growth. Examples of cap and trade programs consist of the acid rain program and the budget training program. This program is also known as emissions trading. These two programs differ in several ways. They include, the cap and trade program involves the purchasing of emission credits while the bubble program entails the controlled emissions with breaking any of the agreements incurs heavy fines. The use of emission trading has enhanced the achievement of environmental goals. Some skeptics have suggested that emissions’ trading has become an avenue for evading environmental requirements, while the bubble program enhances the achievement of environmental goals (Schaltegger, 2010). A stationary source is the basis that discharges more amounts of pollutants other than those defined by the Environmental Agency that protects the environment. This organization is in charge of regulating and monitoring of pollution. New Source Performance Standards define the amount of pollutants allowed by certain sources. A stationary source of air pollution is any fixed emitter of air pollutants. They include power plants, petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants (Reitze, 2005). Mobile source air pollution is any form of air pollution emitted by equipment that can be moved from one location to another. They include motor vehicles, airplanes, locomotives and other engine driven machines. Most of these pollutants contribute to environmental degradation and have a harmful

Edwin Hubble :: essays research papers fc

Edwin Hubble   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edwin Powell Hubble was born on the 20th of November in 1889. He lived in Marshfield, Missouri along with his family. He was said to be a very tall, elegant, and athletic young man. Edwin had a mom, dad, three sisters, and two brothers. His mom and dad were named John Powell and Virginia James Hubble. His sisters were Virginia, Helen, and Lucy Lee. Edwin's two brothers were named Henry and William. William died as a student at a college in Wisconsin and Virginia died when she was a very young girl.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Edwin attended high school he got a scholarship to go to the University of Chicago, but, unfortunately he had to share the scholarship with another student. After a few years Edwin decided to try Queens College located in Oxford, but later went back to the University of Chicago for postgraduate work. Edwin, at age thirty, had an undergraduate degree in astronomy and mathematics, a legal degree as a Rhodes scholar, followed by a PhD in astronomy. Edwin Hubble originally started out as a lawyer. For one year he taught Spanish and mathematics for New Albany High School. He also coached a basketball team. The high school dedicated their yearbook to Edwin Hubble that year. Finally after teaching at the high school Edwin went to Yerkes Observatory to be an astronomer. He was the very first person to try a two hundred inch telescope. Edwin Hubble served for two years in the military. Edwin also served in WWI, and met the rank of a major. In 1919, for the rest of his life Edwin would go to and worked at Mount Wilson Observatory in California in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edwin Hubble had many great accomplishments as an astronomer in his lifetime. Some of Edwin Hubble's greatest accomplishments were: Edwin Hubble proposed a classification system for nebulae, which are fuzzy little patches of light that are up in the sky. He discovered a variable star, called the Cepheid. It is located in the Andromeda Nebulae. Edwin Hubble settled decisively the question of the nature of the galaxies. Edwin Hubble's distribution of galaxies was determined to be homogeneous in distance. Edwin wanted to classify the galaxies according to their content, distance, shape, and pattern of brightness. By observing redshifts Edwin saw that galaxies were moving away from each other at a rate constant to the distance between them (this is known as Hubble's Law).

A Fledgling’s Masterpeice Essay

Citizen Kane is widely hailed as the â€Å"great American film† and with good reason. From its complex narrative structure to pioneering photography to its incredibly rich use of sound, Welles’ 1941 picture remains one of the most innovative movies ever to come out of a Hollywood studio. Even Today Citizen Kane stands out as one of the great films of all time. Unfolding almost entirely in flashback, Welles’s masterpiece presents various perspectives on the oversized life of the recently deceased Charles Foster Kane. Through the reminiscences of friends, family, and coworkers, the film moves from Kane’s childhood to his rambunctious adolescence, from the heights of his success to the depths of his isolation. All the while there is a search for clues to Kane’s mysterious last word: â€Å"Rosebud.† The puzzling phrase drives the tale, but ultimately it is only a means of exploring the film’s real theme: the impossibility of truly understanding any human being. In the film Kane (Orson Welles, who also directed and co-wrote the screenplay) is separated from his parents as a child and made heir to an enormous fortune. Coming of age, he decides to run a newspaper, sensationalizing the news and considering himself to be the voice of the people. With ambitions beyond publishing, he runs for New York Governor, and later promotes the singing career of his second wife Susan. He also builds Xanadu, an extravagant palace that is never finished. These various ambitions fail, and Kane dies a wealthy but spiritually broken man. When William Randolph Hearst (multimillionaire and media tycoon) got wind of what 25-year-old Orson Welles was creating at RKO’s film studio, he feared his life was the inspiration for the main character. In response Hearst and his newspapers employed all their influence to try and stop Citizen Kane’s 1941 release. John O’Hara of Newsweek addresses just this controversy in his review of Citizen Kane. He begins by stating that Citizen Kane is the finest film that  he has ever seen and that Orson Welles is the greatest actor ever. This is a bold statement to make at the time because it was printed before the film was released and before any kind of public consensus could be made. O’Hara’s observation would turn out to be somewhat true. His reasons for promoting Citizen Kane are no more than pure enthusiasm and support for a film that impressed him greatly. He states that his intension is to make you want to see the picture that he believes to be â€Å"as good a picture as was ever made†. (O’Hara 60) O’Hara seems to be more of an excited fan than a film critic. His unbridled enthusiasm is evident in every sentence of his review. He appears to be an admirer of Orson Welles’ just as much as the movie itself. He states that Citizen Kane lacks nothing. Later in the article, as if to be reassuring, he says that â€Å"aside from what it does lack Citizen Kane has Orson Welles†. He compares Welles to artists like F. Scott Fitzgerald who had gone unrecognized until after his death. He ends his article with the statement that there has never been a better actor than Orson Welles and then repeats that very statement. (O’Hara 60) The controversy surrounding Citizen Kane and W. R. Hearst is also addressed by Bosely Crowther of the New York Times. He says that â€Å"suppression of this film would be a crime†. But unlike O’Hara, Crowther seems a little more critical of the film. He says that Welles’ abundance of imagery is so great that it sometimes gets in the way of his logic. He also claims that the film â€Å"fails to provide a clear picture of the character and motive behind the man whom the whole film revolves†.(Crowther 5) Aside from the few critical points, Crowther was very complimentary towards Citizen Kane. He comments on the excellent direction of Mr. Welles and the sure and penetrating performances of the entire cast.Crother feels that Citizen Kane is one of the most realistic takes on the cinema to date. He describes it as cynical, ironic, oppressive, and realistic. â€Å"Citizen Kane has more vitality than fifteen other films we could name†. (Crowther5) The New Yorker’s John Marsh also is very complimentary of Citizen Kane, but  for much more technical reasons. He addresses the many aspects of the film that set it apart from all others. â€Å"Since movies hitherto have commenced with a cast list and a vast directory of credits, we are promptly jolted out of our seats when Citizen Kane ignores this convention and slides at once into the film.† He believes that this formal difference is revolutionary enough to establish Welles’ independence from convention. â€Å"This independence, like fresh air, sweeps on and on through the movie.†(Marsh 79) Marsh also comments on Welles’ method of storytelling with the use of repetition and flashing scenes. â€Å"With a few breakfast scenes, the progress of a marriage is shown as specifically as if we had read the wife’s diary. To Marsh something new has come to the movie world at last. He believes that the film’s triumphant quality is that although Kane is presented as a villainous miser, the human touch is not lost. Sympathy for the preposterous Mr. Kane survives. All three of these writers share a similar opinion about Citizen Kane. Individually they each appreciate different aspects of the film. John O’Hara is intoxicated with the performance of Orson Welles, both in front and behind the camera. Bosely Crowther discusses the reality of the film itself. John Marsh believes that it’s unconventional approach is what will set Citizen Kane apart from other movies in the future. Although each writer praises different aspects of the movie they all agree that Citizen Kane is a film that will drastically alter the film making processfrom now on.

Cultural Competence Is A Critical Instrument For Any...

Summary Cultural competence is a critical instrument for any government since it indicates the users and information and the relevant terms and concept. Particularly in the federal government who mandates the delivery of culturally competent health care to these communities, and health services in a culturally appropriate way. Therefore, the concept of diversity now includes cultural diversity or different cultures with diverse features. For this reason, the importance of such research into these areas deliveries of health services to immigrant and minority community incorporated into the concept of the public administration spectrum. Perceiving the way to overcome or bridge the conflict to provide culturally health care, to these communities as well. Preceding the public administrators to research and draw heavily from these inquiries. Findings tenet to most researchers on the topic in respects for the understanding of the difference classes and incorporated into the public administration literature. This causing manager to create effective cross-cultural work teams and prevent an organization from becoming dysfunctional. Further, managers need a fast way to learn enough about the diverse groups to accommodate their workforce to function effectively. Justice Sotomayor commented, â€Å"I would hope that a wise Latina, with the richness of her experiences, would more often than not reach a better conclusion that a white male who has not lived that life.† (Savage 2009) Words ofShow MoreRelatedAmerican Indian Behavioral Health Assessment Instruments4140 Words   |  17 PagesAmerican Indian Behavioral Health Assessment Instruments Dee Manatowa University of New England Abstract Mental and behavioral health agencies who service American Indians should employ a culturally relevant approach. Cultural-specificity is essential for understanding beliefs, values, and first language colloquial speech. Cultural-specific assessment information can enhance our understanding of the client’s symptoms and the need for other appropriate evaluation techniques. ClientRead MoreThe Learning And Use Of The Foreign Language1692 Words   |  7 Pagesbilingual education was advocated by the Renaissance humanists but in more recent times, international organizations are reiterating that position and giving it a broader application. In 1993, a forum of United Nation’s Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) experts hoping to build a world that will be rid of many conflicts tearing it apart proposed that the education of the young people must include exposure to plurality of languages. Learning to communicate in a foreign languageRead MoreThe Lack of Training and the Unethical Behavior1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe public servants and the citizens. In order to achieve this targeted value, public administrator shall maintain ethical conduct throughout his decision-making and performance. Therefore, public officials are expected to develop reliable ethical competence. Understanding or judging ethics problems is a matter of subjective preference. Even if the organization has codes of ethics, integrity standards will remain limited. Moreover, forcing codes of ethics may lead to another problem, which is the agenticRead More Lack of Rule of Law in China Essays2079 Words   |  9 PagesAristotle once stated, â€Å"The rule of law is better than that of any individual.† The essential characteristics of rule of law are: the supremacy of law, meaning both the government and individuals are subject to the law; a concept of justice that emphasizes interpersonal adjudication, based on importance of standards and procedures; restr ictions on discretionary power and exercise of legislative power by the executive; independent judiciary, judicial precedent and common law methodology; prospectiveRead MoreIntercultural Competence Of International Recruiters37.9088 Words   |  37 PagesINTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF INTERNATIONAL RECRUITERS 37 Literature Review Studies of intercultural competence over the past thirty years attempt to measure the success or growth of an individual’s knowledge, skills and attitudes in relation to other cultures (Sinicrope, Norris Watanabe, 2007). Global learning outcomes such as intercultural communication skills, intercultural adaptability, intercultural sensitivity, intercultural maturity, and intercultural competence are skills that universitiesRead MoreCommunication Theory : Cultural And Other Manifestations Of Human Achievements2042 Words   |  9 PagesOtman Belkouteb Communication Theory Cultural Approach to Organizations The term culture has been used more and more recently but what exactly does it mean? Some have even regarded culture as the most central problem of all social science (Malinowski, 1939). According to Merriam Webster (2016), culture is defined as the arts and other manifestations of human achievements. If culture was as simple as Merriam-Webster defines it then the lives of anthropologists, sociologists, and psychologistsRead MoreRole of Women in Education and Social Development of Children4841 Words   |  20 Pagesconclusion was drawn, some relevant educational implications were highlighted and some recommendations were made.       Introduction The role of women in education and social development of children is an issue of great concern. The social, political, cultural, economic and technological changes in the world today (globalization) have revolutionized education and social life of children, calling for radical changes to meet the current demands of the society (Olaniyan amp; Obadara, 2006). In the face ofRead MoreCulture : Cultural And Other Manifestations Of Human Achievements Essay2338 Words   |  10 PagesOtman Belkouteb Communication Theory Dr. Bradford Cultural Approach to Organizations The term culture has been used more and more recently but what exactly does it mean? Some have even regarded culture as the most central problem of all social science (Malinowski, 1939). According to Merriam Webster (2016), culture is defined as the arts and other manifestations of human achievements. If culture was as simple as Merriam-Webster defines it then the lives of anthropologists, sociologists, and psychologistsRead MoreLeadership Competencies for Succesful Change Management6434 Words   |  26 PagesLEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES FOR SUCCESSFUL CHANGE MANAGEMENT A Preliminary Study Report Prepared by: Milan Pagon, Emanuel Banutai, UroÃ… ¡ Bizjak University of Maribor, Slovenia 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Competencies in General A competence in general can be understood as the ability of an individual to activate, use and connect the acquired knowledge in the complex, diverse and unpredictable situations (Perrenoud, 1997, in Svetlik, 2005). Gruban (2003) defines competencies as the ability to use knowledgeRead MoreThe Importance of Music1896 Words   |  8 Pageseducation prepares students with skills needed in the career field of their choice (Facts 1-3). Music is one of the world’s greatest economic imports, whether it be instruments or songs being bought on iTunes. Music training can improve people’s motor and reasoning skills. Children who have had over three or more years of musical instrument lessons performed better than those who have not in their abilities to determine differences in sounds and in their fine motor skills. The value of music education